Japanese
Title急性心筋梗塞に併発した呼吸不全症例に対する人工呼吸管理の検討
Subtitle原著
Authors松原泉*
Authors(kana)
Organization*北海道大学医学部麻酔学講座
Journal循環制御
Volume12
Number2
Page297-304
Year/Month1991/
Article原著
Publisher日本循環制御医学会
Abstract「要旨」1983年6月から1989年12月の間に経験した急性心筋梗塞380例について呼吸管理の観点からretrospectiveに検討をくわえた. これらの症例を自発呼吸で管理しえた221例(酸素療法群)と, 機械的人工呼吸を要した83例(人工呼吸群)にわけて検討した. さらに, 機械的人工呼吸を要した83例を低酸素性呼吸不全(低酸素群)66例と, 肺胞低換気性呼吸不全(低換気群)17例にわけて検討した. 酸素療法群のP/F値は酸素療法後も300以上を維持していたが, 人工呼吸を必要とした症例では搬入時よりP/F値の低下が見られ, しかも進行性に増悪して酸素療法後にも200以下の値を示していた. 人工呼吸開始の規準を酸素化能から見ればP/F値が250を切るような場合には, 機械的人工呼吸が必要であると考えられる. 心係数の比較でも酸素療法群が2.71±0.041/min/m2に対して, 人工呼吸群では2.24±0.091/min/m2と有意の低値を示した. 低換気群は人工呼吸開始前にPaCO2の上昇, PaCO2の低下と低酸素群に比較してより重篤な呼吸不全を呈していた. 循環動態の比較では人工呼吸開始後に低酸素群の心係数が低換気群に比較して低値を示していた. この低い心係数が酸素運搬を悪化させ, 予後に大きく関与していると思われ, 低換気群が76.5%の生存率を示したのに対して, 低酸素群では27.3%と低値であった. 心原性肺水腫に伴う呼吸不全は, 一般的には低酸素性呼吸不全である. しかし, 心筋梗塞発症に伴う心原性肺水腫が引き金となって, 気道過敏性を有する症例では気管支攣縮が誘発され, PaO2の低下とともにPaCO2の上昇を示す肺胞低換気性呼吸不全もみられる. 今回の検討から, 人工呼吸を必要とする急性心筋梗塞症例では搬入当初より低酸素が存在し, 酸素療法によっても改善しえないことが明らかであり, P/F値が250以下の場合には人工呼吸の適応といえる. さらに, 換気不全を伴う呼吸不全症例に対しては, 心機能が比較的保たれている症例が多く, 早期からの積極的な人工呼吸管理が救命率をさらに向上させると考えられた.
Practice基礎医学・関連科学
KeywordsAcute myocardial infarction, P/F value, mechanical ventilation, hypoventilatory failure
English
TitleVentilatory support for patients with severe acute myocardial infarction.
Subtitle
AuthorsIzumi Matsubara
Authors(kana)
OrganizationDepartment of Anesthesiology Hokkaido University School of Medicine
JournalCirculation Control
Volume12
Number2
Page297-304
Year/Month1991/
ArticleOriginal article
PublisherJapan Society of Circulation Control
AbstractThis study was retrospectively performed on 304 patients with myocardial infarction who were referred to the Emergency Unit of Sapporo City General Hospital from June 1983 through December 1989. These patients were divided into two groups: oxygen therapy group (221 patients) and mechanical ventilation group (83 patients). Mechanical ventilation group has been subdividid into two groups:hypoxic respiratory failure group (66 patients) and hypoventilatory repiratory failure group (17 patients). P/F (PaO2/F1O2) value was more than 300 on admission and after oxygen administration in oxygen therapy group, while it was less than 300 on admission and was not improved by oxygen admmistration in the mechanical ventilation group (183.2±11.3). It may be reasonable to assume that a value of less than 250 might indicate to initiate mechanical ventilation. Cardiac index of mechanical ventilation group (2.24±0.09 l/min/m2) was less than the oxygen therapy group (2.71±0.4 l/min/m2). Patients of the hypoventilation group showed the same degree of oxygenation capacity of the lungs following the initation of machanical ventilation as those of the hypoxia group. However, the respiratory failure in the hypoventilation group was more sevsre with increases in PaO2. Cardiac index as a cardiac functuon in the hypoxia group (2.05±0.11 l/min/m2) mas lower than in the hypoventilation group (3.21±0.29 l/min/m2), which means deteriorated oxygen transpors in the hypoxic group. The survivial rate in the hypoventilation group was 76.5%, while that in the hypoxia group was only 27.3%. Respiratory failure due to cardiogenic pulmonary edema associated with acute myocardial infarction is generally the hypoxic type. However, there are also some patients of the alveolar hypoventilation type as indicated in the present study. The alveolar hypoventilation may be due to bronchospasmus following pulmonary congestion caused by heart failure in patients of accalarated airway hypersensitivity. Many patients even with severe respiratory failure may survive because cardiac functions are comparatively well preserved in patients of the hypoventilation group, and so the appropriate respiratory management in this type of respiratory should be achieved through an early intiation of mechanical ventilation especially when a P/F value is less than 250.
PracticeBasic medicine
KeywordsAcute myocardial infarction, P/F value, mechanical ventilation, hypoventilatory failure

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